月桂酸
月桂酸(英文:Lauric acid),系統學名称为十二烷酸(英文:dodecanoic acid),是具有12個碳原子鏈的饱和脂肪酸。它的分子式是C12H24O2。具有中鏈脂肪酸的許多性質,呈白色粉末狀固體,有微弱的月桂油或肥皂的氣味。月桂酸的化学盐和酯被稱為月桂酸酯(英文:laurate)。
月桂酸 | |
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IUPAC名 Dodecanoic acid | |
别名 | 十二(烷)酸、n-Dodecanoic acid, Dodecylic acid, Dodecoic acid,
Laurostearic acid, Vulvic acid, 1-Undecanecarboxylic acid, Duodecylic acid, C12:0 (Lipid numbers) |
识别 | |
CAS号 | 143-07-7 |
PubChem | 3893 |
ChemSpider | 3756 |
SMILES |
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InChI |
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InChIKey | POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYAP |
EINECS | 205-582-1 |
ChEBI | 30805 |
KEGG | D10714 |
IUPHAR配体 | 5534 |
性质 | |
化学式 | C12H24O2 |
摩尔质量 | 200.32 g·mol−1 |
外观 | White powder |
氣味 | Slight odor of bay oil |
密度 | 1.007 g/cm3 (24 °C)[1] 0.8744 g/cm3 (41.5 °C)[2] 0.8679 g/cm3 (50 °C)[3] |
熔点 | 43.8 °C(317 K) |
沸点 | 297.9 °C(571 K) |
溶解性(水) | 37 mg/L (0 °C) 55 mg/L (20 °C) 63 mg/L (30 °C) 72 mg/L (45 °C) 83 mg/L (100 °C)[4] |
溶解性 | 可溶於乙醇、乙醚、苯基、卤代烷烃及乙酸盐等[4] |
溶解性(methanol) | 12.7 g/100 g (0 °C) 120 g/100 g (20 °C) 2250 g/100 g (40 °C)[4] |
溶解性(acetone) | 8.95 g/100 g (0 °C) 60.5 g/100 g (20 °C) 1590 g/100 g (40 °C)[4] |
溶解性(ethyl acetate) | 9.4 g/100 g (0 °C) 52 g/100 g (20 °C) 1250 g/100 g (40 °C)[4] |
溶解性(toluene) | 15.3 g/100 g (0 °C) 97 g/100 g (20 °C) 1410 g/100 g (40 °C)[4] |
log P | 4.6[5] |
蒸氣壓 | 2.13·10−6 kPa (25 °C)[5] 0.42 kPa (150 °C)[6] 6.67 kPa (210 °C)[7] |
pKa | 5.3 (20 °C)[5] |
熱導率 | 0.442 W/m·K (solid)[2] 0.1921 W/m·K (72.5 °C) 0.1748 W/m·K (106 °C)[1] |
折光度n D |
1.423 (70 °C)[1] 1.4183 (82 °C)[3] |
黏度 | 6.88 cP (50 °C) 5.37 cP (60 °C)[2] |
结构 | |
晶体结构 | 单斜晶系 (α-form)[8] 三斜晶系、aP228 (γ-form)[9] |
空间群 | P21/a, No. 14 (α-form)[8] P1, No. 2 (γ-form)[9] |
晶格常数 | a = 9.524 Å, b = 4.965 Å, c = 35.39 Å (α-form)[8] |
晶格常数 | α = 90°, β = 129.22°, γ = 90° |
热力学 | |
ΔfHm |
−775.6 kJ/mol[5] |
ΔcHm |
7377 kJ/mol 7425.8 kJ/mol (292 K)[6] |
热容 | 404.28 J/mol·K[6] |
危险性 | |
GHS危险性符号 | |
GHS提示词 | Danger |
H-术语 | H412[7] |
P-术语 | P273[7] |
NFPA 704 |
1
1
1
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闪点 | > |
若非注明,所有数据均出自一般条件(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。 |
常見度
作為三酸甘油酯的成份,月桂酸在椰浆、椰子油(佔45-52%)、月桂油及油棕籽油(佔44-52%,留意並不是油棕果油)這些物品的脂肪含量佔約一半[10][11],但在其他物品卻絕少出現。在人類的母乳(佔總脂肪分量的6.2%)、牛奶(佔總脂肪分量的2.9%)及羊奶(佔總脂肪分量的3.1%)中亦可找到月桂酸[10]。
植物中含量
- 巴巴苏(Attalea speciosa,見於巴西):在巴巴苏籽油佔50%。
- Attalea cohune, the cohune palm (also rain tree, American oil palm, corozo palm or manaca palm) - 46.5% in cohune oil
- Astrocaryum murumuru (Arecaceae) a palm native to the Amazon - 47.5% in "murumuru butter".
- 椰子油 49%
- 非洲肉荳蔻 Pycnanthus angolensis
- 野生肉荳蔻 Virola surinamensis 7.8–11.5%
- 桃棕櫚籽 seed 10.4%
- 槟榔 9%
- 椰棗籽 0.56–5.4%
- Durio graveolens(榴槤屬物種) 1.31%.[12]
- 澳大利亚坚果 0.072–1.1%
- 李(布冧) 0.35–0.38%
- 西瓜籽 0.33%
- Citrullus lanatus
- 南瓜花 205 ppm,南瓜籽 472 ppm
參考文獻
- Mezaki, Reiji; Mochizuki, Masafumi; Ogawa, Kohei. 1st. Elsevier Science B.V. 2000: 278. ISBN 0-444-82802-8.
- Seidell, Atherton; Linke, William F. 3rd. New York: D. Van Nostrand Company. 1952: 742–743.
- CID 3893 PubChem的链接
- Dodecanoic acid in Linstrom, Peter J.; Mallard, William G. (eds.); NIST Chemistry WebBook, NIST Standard Reference Database Number 69, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg (MD), http://webbook.nist.gov
- 来源:Sigma-Aldrich Co., Lauric acid .
- Vand, V.; Morley, W. M.; Lomer, T. R. . Acta Crystallographica. 1951, 4 (4): 324–329. doi:10.1107/S0365110X51001069.
- Sydow, Erik von. (PDF). actachemscand.org. Acta Chemica Scandinavica. 1956 [2014-06-14].
- Beare-Rogers, J.; Dieffenbacher, A.; Holm, J.V. . Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2001, 73 (4): 685–744. doi:10.1351/pac200173040685 (英语).
- Anneken, David J.; Both, Sabine; Christoph, Ralf; Fieg, Georg; Steinberner, Udo; Westfechtel, Alfred. . Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. 2006. doi:10.1002/14356007.a10_245.pub2.
- Nasaruddin, Mohd hanif; Noor, Noor Qhairul Izzreen Mohd; Mamat, Hasmadi. [Proximate and Fatty Acid Composition of Sabah Yellow Durian (Durio graveolens)] (PDF). Sains Malaysiana. 2013, 42 (9): 1283–1288 [28 November 2017]. ISSN 0126-6039. OCLC 857479186 (马来语).
延伸閱讀
- Berner, Louise A. (1993). Defining the Role of Milkfat in Balanced Diets. In John E. Kinsella (Ed.) Advances in Food and Nutrition Research – Volume 37. Academic Press. pp. 159–166. ISBN 978-0-12-016437-0.
- Kabara, Jon J. (1978). The Pharmacological Effect of Lipids. Champaign IL: American Oil Chemist's Society. ISBN 9991817697.
- Kabara, Jon J. (2008). Fats Are Good for You and Other Secrets – How Saturated Fat and Cholesterol Actually Benefit the Body. North Atlantic Books. ISBN 1-55643-690-4.
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