次闭央不圆唇元音
次閉央不圓唇元音（near-close central unrounded vowel、near-high central unrounded vowel[1]）是一個用在某些口語上的元音。在國際音標中，這個音可以用數種方法來表現（見右表），但最常見的則是⟨ɪ̈⟩（中央化的[ɪ]）和⟨ɨ̞⟩（低化的 [ɨ]）。其他的表述方法則如⟨ɪ̠⟩ (舌根後移的 [ɪ]) 和 ⟨ɘ̝⟩ (較高的 [ɘ])。X-SAMPA對於此音的表示方法則分別是I\，1_o，I_-和@\_r。
| 次閉央不圓唇元音 | |
|---|---|
| ɨ̞ | |
| ɪ̈ | |
| IPA編號 | 317 430 |
| 編碼 | |
| HTML碼（十進制） | ɪ̈ |
| Unicode碼（十六進制） | U+026A U+0308 |
| X-SAMPA音標 | 1_o或I\ |
| IPA盲文 |    |
| 音頻範例 | |
|
來源 · 幫助 | |
在許多英式字典中，此元音時常被寫為⟨ɪ⟩，而在美式音標中則更常被表示為⟨ɨ⟩或⟨ᵻ⟩[2]。⟨ᵻ⟩也被用在一些刊物中，例如John C. Wells的Accents of English。在第三版的牛津英語詞典中，⟨ᵻ⟩代表/ɪ/與/ə/之間的自由變異。
參見
- While the International Phonetic Association prefers the terms "close" and "open" for vowel height, many linguists use "high" and "low".
- Pullum & Ladusaw (1996:298)
參考文獻
- Abdel-Massih, Ernest T., , Ann Arbor: University of Michigan, 1971
- Altendorf, Ulrike; Watt, Dominic, , Schneider, Edgar W.; Burridge, Kate; Kortmann, Bernd; Mesthrie, Rajend; Upton, Clive (编), , 1: Phonology, Mouton de Gruyter: 181–196, 2004, ISBN 3-11-017532-0
- Ball, Martin J., , Ball, Martin J.; Jones, G.E (编), , Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1984, ISBN 0-7083-0861-9
- Hayward, Katrina; Hayward, Richard J., , , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press: 45–50, 1999, ISBN 0-521-65236-7, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004874
- Jones, Daniel; Ward, Dennis, , Cambridge University Press, 1969
- Kruspe, Nicole; Hajek, John, , Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 2009, 39 (2): 241–248, doi:10.1017/S0025100309003946
- Lass, Roger, , Mesthrie, Rajend (编), , Cambridge University Press, 2002, ISBN 9780521791052
- Lodge, Ken, , Continuum International Publishing Group, 2009, ISBN 978-0-8264-8873-2
- Mott, Brian, , Dialectologia (RACO (Revistes Catalanes amb Accés Obert)), 2012, 9: 69–94, ISSN 2013-2247
- Ní Chasaide, Ailbhe, , , Cambridge University Press: 111–16, 1999, ISBN 0-521-63751-1
- Ó Sé, Diarmuid, , Dublin: Institiúid Teangeolaíochta Éireann, 2000, ISBN 0-946452-97-0 （爱尔兰语）
- Pullum, Geoffrey K.; Ladusaw, William A., , Chicago, IL, USA: University of Chicago Press, 1996, ISBN 9780226685366
- Sadowsky, Scott; Painequeo, Héctor; Salamanca, Gastón; Avelino, Heriberto, , Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 2013, 43 (1): 87–96, doi:10.1017/S0025100312000369
- Tench, Paul, , Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 2007, 37 (1): 228–234, doi:10.1017/s0025100307002952
- Teo, Amos B., , Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 2012, 42 (03): 365–373, doi:10.1017/S0025100312000254
- Teo, Amos B., (PDF), Canberra: Asia-Pacific Linguistics, 2014, ISBN 978-1-922185-10-5
- Wells, John C., , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982, ISBN 0-521-28541-0
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