氨基钠
氨基钠是一个无机化合物,化学式为NaNH2。室温下纯品为白色固体,试剂常带金属铁而呈灰色。氨基钠与水强烈反应,是有机合成中常用的强碱。
氨基钠 | |
---|---|
IUPAC名 Sodium amide | |
英文名 | |
别名 | 氨钠 |
识别 | |
CAS号 | 7782-92-5 |
PubChem | 24533 |
ChemSpider | 22940 |
SMILES |
|
UN编号 | 1390 |
EINECS | 231-971-0 |
性质 | |
化学式 | NaNH2 |
摩尔质量 | 39.01 g·mol⁻¹ |
外观 | 灰色粉末 纯品白色 |
密度 | 1.37 g/cm3 (白) |
熔点 | 210 °C |
沸点 | 400 °C |
溶解性(水) | 反应 |
pKb | 38 |
结构 | |
配位几何 | 四面体 (Na, N) |
危险性 | |
欧盟分类 | 未列明 |
NFPA 704 |
2
3
3
|
闪点 | 4.44 °C |
自燃温度 | 450 °C |
相关物质 | |
其他阴离子 | 双(三甲硅基)氨基钠、肼基钠 |
其他阳离子 | 氨基钾、氨基銣、氨基銫 |
相关化学品 | 氨 |
若非注明,所有数据均出自一般条件(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。 |
制备及结构
氨基钠可由钠与氨气反应,[1] 或硝酸铁催化下钠与液氨的反应来制备。后者反应在氨沸点(约-33°C)时反应最快,也更常用:[2]
- 2 Na + 2 NH3 → 2 NaNH2 + H2
NaNH2为类盐固体,晶格中[3] 钠原子为四面体结构。[4] 溶于氨时,NaNH2溶液存在Na(NH3)6+和NH2−离子,可导电。
用途
工业上,氨基钠是制取靛青染料、肼和氰化钠等工业品的原料。[5] 可用于干燥液氨或氨气,其液氨溶液也是有机化学中常用的强碱。氨基钠碱性很强而且亲核性很弱,但不易溶于大多数溶剂中,因而已被氢化钠、双(三甲硅基)氨基钠(NaHMDS)以及二异丙基氨基锂(LDA)等类似试剂所取代。
安全
氨基钠会与水猛烈反应生成氢氧化钠和氨,且在空气中可燃烧生成钠氧化物及二氧化氮:
氨基钠应当储存在密闭容器中,最好以氮气保护。当放置于密闭性不好的容器中时,氧气和水不充足,有可能生成爆炸性的氧化产物从而使固体泛黄棕色。此类试剂应当尽快销毁,方法为向氨基钠的烃类溶剂悬浮液中小心加入乙醇。
氨基钠可能会对皮肤、眼部及黏膜有強腐蚀性,应当留心空气中悬浮的氨基钠粉末。
参考文献
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- Merck Index (12th Edn.)
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