美国的语言
美国最广泛的语言是英语，但美國聯邦政府並沒有設有官方語言。历史上存在过很多语言。其他有美国本土的语言，也有来自欧洲、亚洲等地区的语言。目前美国所使用的语言约有430种，其中有176种土著语言。其余绝大多数是由殖民者带来，还有个别语言是在美国诞生的，如克里奥尔语、美国手语。
| 美利堅合眾國 | |
|---|---|
 | |
| 主要語言 | 英語 80% 西班牙語 12.4% |
| 原住民語言 | 納瓦荷語、切羅基語、達科他語、拉科塔語、西阿帕奇語、克勒斯語、霍皮語、祖尼語、奧傑布瓦語、奧哈姆語 [1][2] |
| 主要移民語言 | 英語、西班牙語、漢語、法語、他加祿語、越南語、阿拉伯語、韓國語 |
| 常见鍵盤布局 |  |
人口普查数据
据2016年美国社区调查，美国人口调查局核准，在美国本土超过10万人使用的语言有：[3][4][5][6][7]
- 只使用英语 229,673,150
- 西班牙语 40,489,813
- 汉语（現代標準漢語、粤语和闽南语）3,372,930
- 他加祿語（伊洛卡诺语、米沙鄢語支）1,701,960
- 越南语 1,509,994
- 阿拉伯语 1,231,098
- 法语 1,216,668
- 韓語 1,088,788
- 俄语 909,374
- 德语 905,691
- 海地克里奧爾語 856,009
- 印地语 810,877
- 葡萄牙語 767,210
- 意大利语 576,154
- 波兰语 539,151
- 乌尔都语 474,481
- 日语 464,535
- 波斯语 438,448
- 古吉拉特语 407,520
- 泰盧固語 365,566
- 孟加拉語 324,008
- 壯侗語 307,442
- 希腊语 288,255
- 旁遮普語 287,491
- 泰米尔语 273,332
- 亚美尼亚语 237,550
- 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语 236,761
- 希伯来语 225,147
- 苗語 224,133
- 班圖語 224,133
- 高棉语 203,115
- 納瓦荷語 163,784
- 泰语 163,200
- 意第緒語 160,900
- 老挝语 140,900
官方语言现状
美国没有官方语言，但目前作为通用语的是英语（美式英语）。
受到唯英语运动的影响，一些州已经通过立法，給英語赋予正式地位。 截至2014年10月美國的50个州中，有31个州已将英语作为官方语言，夏威夷将英语和夏威夷语作为正式的语言。
土著语言
土著语列表
| 语言名 | 当地语言[8] | 语族 | 使用人数 (占总数百分比) |
能用英语交流的人数比[9] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | — | — | 373 949 | 19.22% |
| Total (excl. Navajo) | — | — | 203 127 (54.32) | 15.82% |
| Navajo | Diné bizaad | Na-Dené | 170 822 (45.68) | 23.25% |
| Dakota | Dakȟótiyapi | Siouan | 18 804 (5.03) | 9.86% |
| Yupik | — | Eskimo-Aleut | 18 626 (4.98) | 37.02% |
| Apache | Ndee biyati' | Na-Dené | 14 012 (3.75) | 3.53% |
| Keres | — | Isolate | 13 073 (3.50) | 6.20% |
| Cherokee | Tsalagi (ᏣᎳᎩ) | Iroquoian | 12 320 (3.29) | 16.33% |
| Choctaw | Chahta' | Muskogean | 10 368 (2.77) | 23.44% |
| Zuni | Shiwi'ma | Isolate | 9 432 (2.52) | 14.22% |
| American Indian (Other) | — | — | 8 888 (2.38) | 16.73% |
| O'odham (Pima) | Oʼodham ñiʼokĭ | Uto-Aztecan | 8 190 (2.19) | 14.70% |
| Ojibwe (Chippewa) | Anishinaabemowin | Algic | 6 986 (1.87) | 11.28% |
| Hopi | Hopilàvayi | Uto-Aztecan | 6 776 (1.81) | 18.80% |
| Inupiat (Inupik) | Iñupiatun | Eskimo-Aleut | 5 580 (1.49) | 26.04% |
| Tewa | — | Tanoan | 5 123 (1.37) | 13.80% |
| Muskogee (Creek) | Mvskoke | Muskogean | 5 072 (1.36) | 19.62% |
| Crow | Apsáalooke | Siouan | 3 962 (1.06) | 6.59% |
| Shoshoni | Sosoni' da̲i̲gwape | Uto-Aztecan | 2 512 (0.67) | 7.25% |
| Cheyenne | Tsėhésenėstsestȯtse | Algic | 2 399 (0.64) | 3.21% |
| Tiwa | — | Tanoan | 2 269 (0.61) | 3.22% |
| Towa (Jemez) | — | Tanoan | 2 192 (0.59) | 27.65% |
| Inuit (Eskimo) | — | Eskimo-Aleut | 2 168 (0.58) | 25.46% |
| Blackfoot | Siksiká (ᓱᖽᐧᖿ) | Algic | 1 970 (0.53) | 11.02% |
| Sahaptin | Ichishkíin sɨ́nwit | Plateau Penutian | 1 654 (0.44) | 6.17% |
| Paiute | — | Uto-Aztecan | 1 638 (0.44) | 11.78% |
| Athapascan | — | Na-Dené | 1 627 (0.44) | 19.55% |
| Ute | Núu-'apaghapi | Uto-Aztecan | 1 625 (0.43) | 5.23% |
| Mohawk | Kanien’kéha' | Iroquoian | 1 423 (0.38) | 11.67% |
| Seneca | Onödowága | Iroquoian | 1 353 (0.36) | 11.23% |
| Winnebago | Hocąk | Siouan | 1 340 (0.36) | 6.27% |
| Kiowa | Cáuijògà | Tanoan | 1 274 (0.34) | 9.58% |
| Aleut | Unangam tunuu | Eskimo-Aleut | 1 236 (0.33) | 19.01% |
| Salish | — | Salishan | 1 233 (0.33) | 22.87% |
| Gwich’in (Kuchin) | Gwich’in | Na-Dené | 1 217 (0.33) | 25.82% |
| Kickapoo | Kiwikapawa | Algic | 1 141 (0.31) | 41.72% |
| Arapaho | Hinónoʼeitíít | Algic | 1 087 (0.29) | 1.20% |
| Tlingit | Lingít | Na-Dené | 1 026 (0.27) | 8.19% |
| Siberian Yupik (SLI Yupik) | Sivuqaghmiistun | Eskimo-Aleut | 993 (0.27) | 39.48% |
| Passamaquoddy | Peskotomuhkat | Algic | 982 (0.26) | 6.11% |
| Comanche | Nʉmʉ tekwapʉ | Uto-Aztecan | 963 (0.26) | 10.59% |
| Cree | Nēhiyawēwin | Algic | 951 (0.25) | 8.73% |
| Menominee | Omāēqnomenew | Algic | 946 (0.25) | 39.64% |
| Nez Perce | Niimiipuutímt | Plateau Penutian | 942 (0.25) | 12.10% |
| Potawatomi | Bodéwadmi | Algic | 824 (0.22) | 9.95% |
| Hidatsa | Hidatsa | Siouan | 806 (0.22) | 4.47% |
| Mesquakie (Fox) | Meshkwahkihaki | Algic | 727 (0.19) | 22.15% |
| Karok | Káruk | Isolate | 700 (0.19) | 5.43% |
| Pomo | — | Pomoan | 648 (0.17) | 14.81% |
| Chinook Jargon | Chinuk wawa | Creole | 644 (0.17) | 17.70% |
| Oneida | Oneyota'aaka | Iroquoian | 527 (0.14) | 58.63% |
| Yurok | Puliklah | Algic | 491 (0.13) | 1.63% |
| Cocopah | Kwikapa | Yuman | 483 (0.13) | 22.77% |
| Hualapai | Hwalbáy | Yuman | 458 (0.12) | 4.80% |
| Omaha | Umoⁿhoⁿ | Siouan | 457 (0.12) | 1.97% |
| Chiricahua | Ndee bizaa | Na-Dené | 457 (0.12) | — |
| Jicarilla | Abáachi mizaa | Na-Dené | 455 (0.12) | 14.51% |
| Yaqui | Yoem noki | Uto-Aztecan | 425 (0.11) | 10.12% |
| Yokuts | — | Yokutsan | 407 (0.11) | 27.27% |
| Mono | Mono | Uto-Aztecan | 349 (0.09) | — |
| Mohave | Hamakhav | Yuman | 330 (0.09) | 6.36% |
| Luiseño | Cham'teela | Uto-Aztecan | 327 (0.09) | 4.28% |
| Shawnee | Sawanwa | Algic | 321 (0.09) | 6.23% |
| Maidu (NE Maidu) | Májdy | Maiduan | 319 (0.09) | 6.90% |
| Ottawa | Nishnaabemwin | Algic | 312 (0.08) | 10.90% |
| Algonquin | Anicinâbemowin | Algic | 288 (0.08) | 19.79% |
| Okanogan | Nsəlxcin | Salishan | 284 (0.08) | 10.92% |
| Osage | Wazhazhe ie | Siouan | 260 (0.07) | 20.38% |
| Wichita | Kirikirʔi:s | Caddoan | 242 (0.06) | 16.12% |
| Onondaga | Onǫda’gegá | Iroquoian | 239 (0.06) | 2.93% |
| Mi'kmaq (Micmac) | Míkmawísimk | Algic | 230 (0.06) | 10.87% |
| Digueño (Ipai-Kumiai-Tipai) | — | Yuman | 228 (0.06) | 60.96% |
| Washo | Wá:šiw ʔítlu | Isolate | 227 (0.06) | 9.69% |
| Miwok | Miwok | Utian | 216 (0.06) | — |
| Lushootseed (Puget Salish) | Xʷəlšucid | Salishan | 207 (0.06) | 47.83% |
| Kutenai | Ktunaxa | Isolate | 200 (0.05) | 32.50% |
| Miccosukee | Mikisúkî | Muskogean | 188 (0.05) | 22.87% |
| Tuscarora | Ska:rù:rę' | Iroquoian | 179 (0.05) | 10.06% |
| Makah | Qʷi·qʷi·diččaq | Wakashan | 176 (0.05) | 30.11% |
| Coeur d'Alene | Snchitsuʼumshtsn | Salishan | 174 (0.05) | — |
| Hupa | Na:tinixwe | Na-Dené | 174 (0.05) | — |
| Quechan (Yuma) | Kwtsaan | Yuman | 172 (0.05) | 31.98% |
| Miami | Myaamia | Algic | 168 (0.04) | 50.60% |
| Alabama | Albaamo innaaɬiilka | Muskogean | 165 (0.04) | 20.00% |
| Delaware | Lënape / Lunaapeew | Algic | 146 (0.04) | 25.34% |
| Clallam | Nəxʷsƛ̕ay̕əmúcən | Salishan | 146 (0.04) | 1.37% |
| Penobscot (E Abenaki) | Panawahpskek | Algic | 144 (0.04) | 5.56% |
| Yavapai | — | Yuman | 139 (0.04) | — |
| Cahuilla | Ivia | Uto-Aztecan | 139 (0.04) | — |
| Ponca | Paⁿka | Siouan | 131 (0.04) | 6.87% |
| Quinault | Kʷínaył | Salishan | 128 (0.03) | — |
| Deg Xinag (Ingalit) | Degexit’an | Na-Dené | 127 (0.03) | — |
| Pawnee | Paári | Caddoan | 122 (0.03) | 16.39% |
| Haida | X̱aat Kíl | Isolate | 118 (0.03) | 19.49% |
| Cowlitz | Stl'pulimuhkl | Salishan | 110 (0.03) | 82.73% |
| Mandan | Nų́ʔetaːre | Siouan | 104 (0.03) | 38.46% |
| Arikara | Sáhniš | Caddoan | 103 (0.03) | — |
| Klamath | Maqlaqs | Plateau Penutian | 95 (0.03) | 27.37% |
| Havasupai | Havasu’baaja | Yuman | 90 (0.02) | 52.22% |
| Chitimacha | Sitimaxa | Isolate | 89 (0.02) | 21.35% |
| Abenaki (W Abenaki) | Wôbanakiôdwawôgan | Algic | 86 (0.02) | — |
| Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) | Kwak'wala | Wakashan | 85 (0.02) | 24.71% |
| Tututni (Rogue River) | Dotodəni | Na-Dené | 84 (0.02) | — |
| Iroquois | — | Iroquoian | 76 (0.02) | — |
| Michif (French Cree) | Michif | Creole | 75 (0.02) | 70.67% |
| Tsimshian | Sm'algyax | Tsimshianic | 68 (0.02) | — |
| Achumawi | — | Palaihnihan | 68 (0.02) | — |
| Chiwere | Jíwere | Siouan | 60 (0.02) | — |
| Koasati | Kowassá:ti | Muskogean | 59 (0.02) | 6.78% |
| Koyukon | Denaakkʼe | Na-Dené | 58 (0.02) | 12.07% |
| Upper Chinook | Kiksht | Chinookan | 58 (0.02) | 10.34% |
| Caddo | Hasí:nay | Caddoan | 51 (0.01) | 23.53% |
| Kalapuya (Santiam) | — | Kalapuyan | 50 (0.01) | — |
| Gros Ventre (Atsina) | Ahahnelin | Algic | 45 (0.01) | — |
| Tachi | — | Yokutsan | 45 (0.01) | 57.78% |
| Maricopa | Piipaash chuukwer | Yuman | 44 (0.01) | 22.73% |
| Chumash | S.hamala | Chumashan | 39 (0.01) | 100.00% |
| Nomlaki | Nomlāqa | Wintuan | 38 (0.01) | — |
| Konkow (NW Maidu) | Koyoom k'awi | Maiduan | 32 | 100.00% |
| Tonkawa | Tickanwa•tic | Isolate | 29 | — |
| Wintu | Wintʰu:h | Wintuan | 24 | — |
| Spokane | Npoqínišcn | Salishan | 20 | 40.00% |
| Ahtna | Atnakenaege’ | Na-Dené | 18 | — |
| Columbia (Sinkiuse) | Nxaảmxcín | Salishan | 17 | — |
| Atsugewi | Atsugé | Palaihnihan | 15 | — |
| Chemehuevi | Nüwüvi | Uto-Aztecan | 15 | — |
| Northern Paiute | Numu | Uto-Aztecan | 12 | — |
| Dena'ina (Tanaina) | Dena’ina qenaga | Na-Dené | 11 | — |
| Cupeño | Kupangaxwicham | Uto-Aztecan | 11 | — |
| Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) | Nuučaan̓uł | Wakashan | 10 | — |
| Alutiiq (Gulf Yupik) | Sugpiaq | Eskimo-Aleut | 8 | — |
| Kansa | Káⁿza | Siouan | 7 | — |
| Siuslaw | Šáayušła | Isolate | 6 | — |
| Cayuga | Gayogo̱hó:nǫ’ | Iroquoian | 6 | — |
| Serrano | Taaqtam | Uto-Aztecan | 5 | — |
| Yuchi | Tsoyaha | Isolate | 4 | — |
注释
- Siebens, J & T Julian. Native North American Languages Spoken at Home in the United States and Puerto Rico: 2006–2010. United States Census Bureau. December 2011.
- . US Census Bureau. [17 August 2012]. （原始内容存档于October 20, 2012）. 已忽略未知参数
|df=(帮助) - (U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2016)
- . [August 2, 2017]. （原始内容存档于2017-08-03）. 已忽略未知参数
|df=(帮助) - . [2018-12-06]. （原始内容存档于2017-01-08）.
- (PDF), Language use in the United States, August 2013 (U.S. Census Bureau), [February 19, 2016], （原始内容 (PDF)存档于February 5, 2016） 已忽略未知参数
|df=(帮助) - . Factfinder.census.gov. [2018-12-06]. （原始内容存档于2020-02-12）. 已忽略未知参数
|df=(帮助) - A language's endonym may not be available for a variety of possible reasons: The language in question encompasses multiple dialects with unique endonyms; The language in question is actually a language family; The language or community of speakers has a prohibition against writing the language; No documentation is immediately available; etc.
- Respondents who reported speaking English less than "Very Well."
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