無政府共產主義

无政府共产主义[1][2][lower-alpha 1]（英語：[8][9][10][11][12]、Anarchist communism[13][14]）是一种支持废除国家政体、资本主义、僱傭勞動、等级制度[15]及生产资料私有制（但无政府共产主义尊重在集体所有制下的个人财产[16]），同时拥护生产资料公有制[17][18]及由工人委員會所构成的横向网络所统领下依照各盡所能、各取所需进行直接民主制[19][20]的政治哲学及思想流派。沙俄思想家克魯泡特金是首位自稱無政府共產主義者的人。

政治系列
無政府主義
无政府主义主題
政治主題
共产主义
共产主义主题

思想的發展

無政府共產主義的雛形最早可追溯到17世紀的英國內戰和18世紀的法國大革命。屬於英國激進運動掘土派一員的傑拉德·溫斯坦利在他1649年的小冊子《The New Law of Righteousness》中寫道：「不應有買賣、不應有集市或市場，但整個地球應該是每個人共有的寶藏」、「不應有統治他人的統治者，但每個人應是自己的統治者。」[21] 法國大革命期間，席爾凡·馬雷夏爾在《Manifesto of the Equals》中，要求「共同享有地球的產物」並期待「貧富、大小、主僕、統治與被統治之間的噁心差別」的消失。[21]

约瑟夫·迪亚契是早期的無政府共產主義者，也是第一位稱自己為自由意志主義者的人。[22] 他提出與普魯東不同的看法：「工人無權於他或她（his or her）勞動所得的產物，但有權滿足他或她的需求，無論其性質為何」。[21]

集體無政府主義者主張勞動的報酬，但給予了轉變為依據需求作分配的共產制度的後革命過渡時期的可能性。受到巴枯寧的影響，詹姆士·季佑姆在論文《Ideas on Social Organization》中提到：「當……生產超越了消費……每個人將從社會豐富的物品儲備中得到所需，不用擔憂耗盡；而且道德情操將在自由與平等間高度發展，工人將會阻止，或大量減少濫用與浪費。」[23]

注释
  1. 或称共产无政府主义[3]（英語：[4][5]）、自由共产主义[6]（英語：[7]）

参考文献
  1. 于义永. . 《社会科学前沿》. 2019年, 8 (4) [2021-02-18].
  2. 潘婉明. . 《华人研究国际学报》. 2011, 3 (2): 57–71 [2021-02-20]. doi:10.1142/S1793724811000162.
  3. W Haixia. . Rural China. 2014-06-07, 11 (2): 301–327 [2021-02-20]. doi:10.1163/22136746-12341256.
  4. "The Schism Between Individualist and Communist Anarchism" by Wendy McElroy.
  5. "Anarchist communism is also known as anarcho-communism, communist anarchism, or, sometimes, libertarian communism". "Anarchist communism - an introduction" by Jacques Roux.
  6. 羽离子. . 《湖北民族学院学报(哲学社会科学版)》. 2003, 21 (3): 6–9 [2021-02-20]. doi:10.13501/j.cnki.42-1328/c.2003.03.002.
  7. Price, Wayne (2002). "What is Anarchist Communism?". The Anarchist Library. Retrieved 2019-08-04. "Instead, Kropotkin proposed that a large city, during a revolution, “could organize itself on the lines of free communism; the city guaranteeing to every inhabitant dwelling, food, and clothing...in exchange for...five hour’s work; and...all those things which would be considered as luxuries might be obtained by everyone if he joins for the other half of the day all sorts of free associations....” (p.p. 118–119)".
  8. Kinna, Ruth (2012). The Bloomsbury Companion to Anarchism. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 329.
  9. Hodges, Donald C. (2014). Sandino's Communism: Spiritual Politics for the Twenty-First Century. "Introduction". p. 3. University of Texas Press.
  10. ÐropKick, Nickk (2014). Manifesto of a 21st Century Anarchist. Lulu. p. 136.
  11. Wetherly, Paul (2017). Political Ideologies. Oxford University Press. pp. 130, 137, 424.
  12. Iliopoulos, Christos (2019). Nietzsche & Anarchism: An Elective Affinity and a Nietzschean Reading of the December '08 Revolt in Athens. Vernon Press. p. 35.
  13. Bolloten, Burnett. . UNC Press Books. 1991: 65 [25 March 2011]. ISBN 978-0-8078-1906-7.
  14. Price, Wayne (2002). "What is Anarchist Communism?". The Anarchist Library. Retrieved 2019-08-04.
  15. . libcom.org. [2020-11-10].
  16. "The revolution abolishes private ownership of the means of production and distribution, and with it goes capitalistic business. Personal possession remains only in the things you use. Thus, your watch is your own, but the watch factory belongs to the people". Alexander Berkman. "What Is Communist Anarchism?" .
  17. Mayne, Alan James. . Greenwood Publishing Group. 1999 [2010-09-20]. ISBN 978-0-275-96151-0.
  18. . Filiquarian Publishing, LLC. 2008-01: 14 [2010-09-20]. ISBN 978-1-59986-218-7.
  19. Fabbri, Luigi. "Anarchism and Communism." Northeastern Anarchist #4. 1922. 2002-10-13.
  20. Makhno, Mett, Arshinov, Valevski, Linski (Dielo Trouda). "The Organizational Platform of the Libertarian Communists". 1926. Constructive Section: available here.
  21. Robert Graham, Anarchism - A Documentary History of Libertarian Ideas - Volume One: From Anarchy to Anarchism (300CE to 1939), Black Rose Books, 2005
  22. Joseph Déjacque, De l'être-humain mâle et femelle - Lettre à P.J. Proudhon par Joseph Déjacque 页面存档备份，存于 (in French)
  23. James Guillaume, Ideas on Social Organization 页面存档备份，存于
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.