元素氧化态列表

该列表主要参考《元素化学》(Chemistry of the Elements[1],显示出元素周期律在元素价态上的一些趋势。[2]

Nu
−1H+1
He
−1Li+1
Be+1+2
-1B+1+2+3 [3]
−4−3−2−1C+1+2+3+4
−3−2−1N+1+2+3+4+5+6
−2−1O+1+2
−1F
Ne
−1Na+1
Mg+1+2 [4]
Al+1+2+3
−4−3−2−1Si+1+2+3+4
−3−2−1P+1+2+3+4+5
−2−1S+1+2+3+4+5 +6
−1Cl+1+2+3+4+5+6+7
Ar
K+1
Ca+1+2
Sc+1+2+3
−2−1Ti+1+2+3+4
−1V+1+2+3+4+5
−2−1Cr+1+2+3+4+5+6
−3−2−1Mn+1+2+3+4+5+6+7
−2−1Fe+1+2+3+4+5+6+7 [5]
−1Co+1+2+3+4+5
−1Ni+1+2+3+4
Cu+1+2+3+4
Zn+1+2[6]
Ga+1+2+3
−4−3−2−1Ge+1+2+3+4
−3As+1+2+3+5
−2Se+1+2+4+6
−1Br+1+3+4+5+7
Kr+1+2
Rb+1
Sr+1+2
Y+1+2+3

[7][8]

−2Zr+1+2+3+4
−1Nb+2+3+4+5
−2−1Mo+1+2+3+4+5+6
−3−1Tc+1+2+3+4+5+6+7
−2Ru+1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8
−1Rh+1+2+3+4+5+6
Pd+1+2+4+6
Ag+1+2+3
Cd+1+2
-5[9]−2−1In+1+2+3
−4Sn+1+2+3+4
−3Sb+3+5
−2Te+2+4+5+6
−1I+1+3+5+7
Xe+1+2+4+6+8
Cs+1+5
Ba+2
La+2+3
Ce+1+2+3+4
Pr+2+3+4+5
Nd+2+3
Pm+2+3
Sm+1+2+3+4
Eu+1+2+3
Gd+1+2+3
Tb+1+2+3+4
Dy+1+2+3
Ho+1+2+3
Er+1+2+3
Tm+2+3
Yb+1+2+3
Lu+1+2+3
−2Hf+1+2+3+4
−1Ta+2+3+4+5
−2−1W+1+2+3+4+5+6
−3−1Re+1+2+3+4+5+6+7
−2−1Os+1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8
-3−1Ir+1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8+9 [10][11][12]
−3−2−1Pt+1+2+3+4+5+6
−1Au+1+2+3+4+5
Hg+1+2+4 [13]
Tl+1+2+3
−4Pb+1+2+3+4
−3−2−1Bi+1+2+3+4+5
−2Po+2+4+6
−1At+1+3+5+7
Rn+2+6[14]
Fr+1
Ra+2
Ac+3
Th+1+2+3+4
Pa+2+3+4+5
U+1+2+3+4+5+6
Np+3+4+5+6+7
Pu+1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8
Am+2+3+4+5+6+7
Cm+3+4
Bk+3+4
Cf+2+3+4
Es+2+3+4
Fm+2+3
Md+2+3
No+2+3
Lr+3
Rf+4
Db+5
Sg+6
Bh+7
Hs+8
Mt
Ds
Rg
Cn
Nh
Fl
Mc
Lv
Ts
Og

元素氧化态列表列出化学元素的所有已知整数氧化态,常见氧化态以粗体标记,所有元素单质氧化态为零。

下图是欧文·朗缪尔1919年在研究八隅体规则时所画:[15]

参考资料

  1. Greenwood, N. N.; Earnshaw, A. (1997). Chemistry of the Elements, 2nd Edition, Oxford:Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 0-7506-3365-4, p. 28.
  2. 灰色行的元素是惰性气体
  3. 超导材料二硼化镁中硼的氧化态是-1。
  4. 含有Mg(I)的低价镁化合物已经用大配体制得,参见:Green, S. P.; Jones C.; Stasch A. . Science. December 2007, 318 (5857): 1754–1757. PMID 17991827. doi:10.1126/science.1150856.
  5. Lu, J. B., Jian, J., Huang, W., Lin, H., Li, J., & Zhou, M. (2016). Experimental and theoretical identification of the Fe (vii) oxidation state in FeO 4−.Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics,18(45), 31125-31131.
  6. Holleman, Arnold F.; Wiberg, Egon; Wiberg, Nils;. . 91–100. Walter de Gruyter. 1985: 1034–1041. ISBN 3-11-007511-3 (德语).
  7. . WebElements.com. [2007-12-10]. (原始内容存档于2008-05-13).
  8. . OpenMOPAC.net. [2007-12-10]. (原始内容存档于2011-07-23).
  9. Guloy, A. M.; Corbett, J. D. . Inorganic Chemistry. 1996, 35 (9): 2616–22. doi:10.1021/ic951378e.
  10. Ir(-III)存在于Ir(CO)33−中,参见Greenwood, N. N.; Earnshaw, A. 2nd. Oxford:Butterworth-Heinemann. 1997. ISBN 0-7506-3365-4.
  11. Ir(VIII)存在于四氧化铱中,参见Gong, Yu; Zhou, Mingfei, Kaupp, Martin, Riedel, Sebastian. . Angewandte Chemie. 2009-10-04, 121 (42): 8019–8023. doi:10.1002/ange.200902733.
  12. Wang, Guanjun; Zhou, Mingfei; Goettel, James T.; Schrobilgen, Gary G.; Su, Jing; Li, Jun; Schlöder, Tobias; Riedel, Sebastian. . Nature. 2014, 514: 475–477. Bibcode:2014Natur.514..475W. PMID 25341786. doi:10.1038/nature13795.
  13. Hg(IV)存在于四氟化汞中,参见Xuefang Wang; Lester Andrews; Sebastian Riedel; and Martin Kaupp. . Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2007, 46 (44): 8371–8375. doi:10.1002/anie.200703710.
  14. Rn2+存在于二氟化氡中,参见Stein, L. . Science. 1970, 168: 362. doi:10.1126/science.168.3929.362.Kenneth S. Pitzer. . J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun.,. 1975: 760b – 761. doi:10.1039/C3975000760b.
  15. Irving Langmuir. The arrangement of electrons in atoms and molecules. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1919, 41, 868-934. doi:10.1021/ja02227a002
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